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Inhalation of cigarette smoke, by either active or passive smokers, increases the levels of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in the blood, decreasing the supply of O2 to the tissues

Moving a crop to a new habitat may turn a previously unimportant species into a serious pest, as happened when potatoes were introduced to the American Southwest from South America

[27] Continued use of nicotine may result in harmful effects to women's brains because it restricts estrogen signaling

doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1632313 Received 14 September 2025 Accepted 30 October 2025 Published 20 November 2025 Volume 13 - 2025 Edited by Andreas Daiber, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany Reviewed by Marin Kuntic, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany Updates Copyright 2025 Abid, Aggarwal, Duarte, Sethi, Iyengar and Zarich

Seeking help from people experienced in the problems of giving up smoking is also helpful